Maglev Wind Turbine and Solar Panel for Streetlight

maglev Wind Turbine and Solar Panel for StreetlightAbstractThis work describes the execution of instrument of VAWT and solar panel for electricity propagation from renewable nix sources that are rise zero and solar vital force respectively. The VAWT worked on electro attractorism principle has respite arrangement of permanent attracters instead of ball bearing used in conventional trend turbines. The electrical energy generated by this hybrid placement is and then used for streetlight purpose.Keywords Wind energy, Solar energy, Magnetic Levitation, VAWT, Savonius Turbine, Solar panel1. INTRODUCTIONThe primary factor for survival of human beings is the energy. Everything what happens in the world is the smell of catamenia of energy from one form to a nonher. Electric agent is not available in many rural areas due to high cost of generation and distribution to small dispersed users. For electricity generation we digest to greatly depend upon hydraulic and nuclear king plants. But due to their certain(prenominal) disadvantages equal area compensation, high initial cost, availability of resources and also the pollution, there is need to rethink on some another renewable energy resources. Solar energy and wind energy are available abundantly all over the world with unthaw of cost. These energies are harnessed by human beings for a immense time and with the advanced technologies we can take their advantage to generate electricity.The potential of solar energy is 178 billion MW which is about 20000 times the worlds demand and the potential of wind energy is 1.6-107 MW equal to magnitude of present energy consumption on the earth. The solar energy can be converted to electrical energy by photovoltaic cells. The kinetic energy of wind can be converted to electrical energy by wind turbine. As conventional wind turbine has certain disadvantages vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are the alternate solution. The merits of VAWT are low initial and runni ng cost, easy installation, less space acquired, capability to capture wind from any direction and elimination of ball bearings by the use of charismatic levitation technique. The advantage of these two renewable energy resources can be taken by making a hybrid system so we do not required depending on availability of any single resource. The electricity required for internal purpose can be generated by unique combination of solar system and wind system.2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Solar powerThe solar power where sun hits atmosphere is 1017 watts, whereas the solar power on earths surface is 1016 watts. The total world-wide power demand of all needs of civilization is 1013 watts. Therefore, the sun gives us kibibyte times more power than we need. If we can use 5% of this energy, it will be 50 times what the world will require.2.2 Principle of working of photovoltaic cellElectricity can be produced from the solar energy by photovoltaic solar cells. When photons from the sun are absorbe d in a semi-conductor, they hit free electrons with higher energies than the electrons which provide the bonding in the base crystal. Once these free electrons are created, there must be an electric field to make believe these higher energy electrons to flow out of the semi-conductor to do useful work. The electric field in most solar cells is provided by a junction of seculars which have different electrical properties. The photovoltaic effect can be easily described easily for p-n junction in semi-conductor materials of solar cells which are silicon, cadmium, sulphide/ fuzz sulphide , gallium arsenite.Fig-1 Working principle of photovoltaic cell2.3 Various type of solar cellThecomparison of various types of pv-cell isPriceEfficiency1 W sizeCurrent productionSingle crystalHigh10-17%1 about(predicate) 30%PolcrystallineMedium10-13%1.3About 60%Amorphous outset7-10%1.7About 10%2.4 Wind energyWind energy is an indirect source of solar energy. Factors responsible for wind are-1. Heati ng and cooling of the atmosphere which generates convection currents. Heating is caused by the absorption of solar energy on the earths surface and in the atmosphere.2. The rotation of earth with respect to atmosphere, and its motion around the sun.2.5 Wind power Three factors date the output from wind energy converter-1. The wind speed2. The cross section of wind swept by rotor, and3. The overall conversion efficiency of rotor, transmission system and seed or pump.No device, however well designed, can extract all of the winds energy because the wind would have to be brought to a halt and this would forestall the passage of more air through the rotor. The most that is possible is for the rotor to decelerate the whole horizontal column of intercepted air to about one-third of its free velocity. A 100% efficient aerogenerator would therefore only be able to convert upto a maximum of around 60% of the available energy in wind into mechanical energy. Well-designed blades will typical ly extract 70% of the theoretical maximum, but losses incurred in the gear box, transmission system and generator or pump could reduce overall wind turbine efficiency to 35% or less.The wind mill works on the principle of converting kinetic energy of wind to mechanical energy.The mass of wind is- .. (1)Kinetic energy of wind is- Watts (2)But, the power is nothing but kinetic energy of wind. wherefore, available wind power- Watts Watts .. (3)Where,A= area swept by the blades, m2V= velocity of wind, m/s= air density (1.225 kg/m3 at sea level)2.5 Types of VAWT1. Savonius rotorCharacteristics of Savonius rotorSelf-startingLow speedLow efficiency.AdvantagesThe machine performs at low wind velocity ranges.It has simple construction, hence easy to manufacture.Cost of VAWT may be significantly pass up than that of standard wind turbine. filth level mounting.Overall weight of the turbine may be substantially less than of conventional system.DisadvantagesThis type of machine is too solid , having so much metalIt is not useful for a very tall installation because a long drive shaft problems.2. Darrieus rotorCharacteristics of Darrieus rotor non self-startingHigh speedHigh efficiencyPotentially low capital costAdvantagesRotor blades can accept the wind from any directionGround level mountingEliminate yaw control mechanismLess airfoil fabrication costDisadvantagesIt requires external mechanical source for start upAt low height, it experiences a lower wind velocity compare to conventional turbines3. MAGNETIC LEVITATION3.1 PrincipleAs we know that, when two like poles of magnet are bring together, they get repels from each other. This characteristic of magnet is used for the suspension purpose in vertical axis wind turbine. Due to the absence seizure of physical contact between magnetic bearings, there is benefit of no friction and hence no wear. Also the no need of lubrication, no power loss and the absence of noise generation.Fig-2 Principle of Magnetic Levitation3.2 M agnet SelectionThe strength of magnet to get attract or repels is depend on its material configuration. There are basically four categories of magnet that are alnico, ceramic, samarium cobalt and neodymium iron boron (Nd-Fe-B). Nd-Fe-B is the newest invention out of these which exhibits strongest magnetic properties. This magnet is used for the suspension purpose in VAWT. The repelling force exerted by these magnets holds the weight as well as force exerted by wind turbine.Fig-3 B-H hack of different magnets 1From figure B-H curve depicts attractive magnetic characteristics of Nd-Fe-B offering high flux density with the ability of resisting the property of demagnetization.The permanent magnets selected were N-42 grade Nd-fe-B having ring put to work which consist of nickel plating for strengthening and protecting the magnet.3.3 Magnet placementTo obtain thenecessary suspension for wind turbine, two ring shaped Nd-Fe-B magnets are pose at the middle of the shaft. Magnetic suspensi on leads to frictionless, noiseless, maintenance less and power loss less rotations of rotor over stator. The similar 8 number of Nd-Fe-B dish shaped magnets are located around the bottom side periphery of wooden dish at above the top magnet. The flux generated by these disc shaped magnets is used for power generation with the help of the generator.Fig-4 Placement of ring magnet on turbine shaftFig-5 Placement of disc magnets on rotor4. curl up DESIGN AND ITS ARRANGEMENTTo design the definite number of turns per coil is difficult. If the more turns are wound it ontogeny the emf generated from each coil but increase the size of the every coil. For minimizing the size, wire having higher gauge can be used. If the diameter of wire is small low amount of current will flow leading to heating ofwire because of the increased resistance of wire which is another difficult task.Field density is the problem attached with large size coil for calculative the generator for given application. Increase in gap between two magnets by increasing height of coil results in reduction of magnetic flux. Hence necessary voltage and current must be balanced.Fig-7 Coil arrangement on stator5 HYBRID SYSTEMSometimes due to inaccessibility of any single resource that is either solar energy or wind energy, there is effect on efficiency of such system. Also to decrease the load on single system, we can interconnect the solar system and wind system together. The output of solar system is DC and that of wind system is AC. So by the use of rectifier AC can be converted to DC and finally this combined DC is given to battery for storage purpose. Fig-8 mark system6. ENERGY STORAGEWhen there is no need of generated electrical energy or when the generated energy is excess than demand for application, there is need to retention electrical energy. Therefore a 12V battery is used for storage purpose. The electrical energy is stored in the battery in the form of chemical energy when not to used a nd get convert from chemical energy to electrical energyWhen required to be used.7. CONCLUSIONThe efficiency and effectiveness of VAWT increases due to the use of magnetic levitation principle. For domestic application it is convenient to use Maglev turbine than to use conventional turbine as it requires less space and also low initial and maintenance cost.Maglev turbine with large capacity gives more power than conventional horizontal axis turbine. To decrease the load on any single system, the concept of interconnection of solar and wind is very helpful. This hybrid system along with streetlight application can be used for several domestic applications like mobile and laptop computer charging, CCTV, to enlighten the single room etc. Use of renewable energy sources with initial investment can make the user free from electricity bill.8. REFERENCES1 Harshal V. and Kharat R. K, position generation using Maglev Windmill International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRET) Volume 05 write up 06 June 20162 Ashvin P. Joseph Review paper on Wind Turbine using Magnetic Levitation International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRMET) Volume 6 Issue1 Nov 2015-April 20163 G. D. Rai, Non-conventional energy sources Khanna publishers, tail edition, 20084 B. Bittumon Design and analysis of Maglev Vertical Axis Wind Turbine International journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering (IJETAE) Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2014