Essay on Fighting Pharmacists, Fulfilling the Prescription

Fighting Pharmacists, Fulfilling the Prescription In recent years there has been an influx of women receiving prescriptions for the postcoital pill (PCP) also known as the morning-after pill, Plan B, and a form of emergency contraception. Some pharmacists, however, are exercising their right not to fulfill patient’s prescription, based primarily on their personal values and morals. Amidst the negative overtones, women continue to take the morning-after pill in an effort to maintain their rights. â€Å"Timely access to emergency contraception is critical therefore any delay the woman might experience before taking the medication is unacceptable and places an undue burden on the woman,† said Patricia Conner, Emergency Contraception†¦show more content†¦The morning-after pill is used after unprotected intercourse or when a contraceptive method fails, such as when a condom bursts. It is also used when a woman who takes the birth control pill has vomited and is worried that she may have â€Å"lost† the pill and its effectiveness against pregnancy. PCP is proven to be 85 percent effective in the prevention of pregnancies, if the two tablets are taken at the same time within the 72 hours of unprotected sex. Yet, it is important that a woman take the tablets as soon as possible after unprotected sex and not delay until the third day. This may cause the chances of a successful procedure to decline. The hormones in the PCP stop an egg from being released; they stop a fertilized egg from implanting itself in the womb. In September of 2004, Suzanne Richards, a resident of Laconia, N.H. was denied her emergency contraception prescription by pharmacist Todd Sklencar, because he was opposed to prescribing something that could end a life. He informed her to transfer her prescription, but did not tell her where to do so. Three days later the pharmacy contacted her and told her that Sklencar had been transferred to a nearby pharmacy, and that she could pick-up her prescription. Unfortunately, it was too late, and Richards was forced toShow MoreRelatedPharmaCare essay3748 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction The twenty-first century has seen pharmaceutical companies grow in unprecedented size and strength. Due to the unprecedented growth the larger pharmaceutical companies have gained leverage and power in the prescription drug industry, but they lack innovation to market and they seek ways to help the business continue to increase its profits. The pharmaceutical industry was once ethically sound and was a valuable player in the development of human health. However, overtime with theRead MoreCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 Pagessure there 34 CSR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Josà © Javier Levrino is a natural link between the cause and the organization. As an example, it seems logical that a pharmaceutical company includes initiatives relating fighting counterfeit medicines in developing countries. There are a number of factors that the organization can highlight in its CSR communication: a. CSR commitment: An organization can commit to social causes in many different ways (donating capital, employeeRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages608 CASE STUDY The global pharmaceutical industry Sarah Holland The case looks at the development of the ethical pharmaceutical industry. The various forces affecting the discovery, development, production, distribution and marketing of prescription drugs and issues of corporate responsibility are discussed. The case also looks at the different types of strategies that are followed by pharmaceutical companies. ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  In late 2006, industry commentator IMS Health released its latest forecastRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesresearchers to conclude that the use of therapeutic dogs is beneï ¬ cial in the treatment of heart patients. (San Luis Obispo Tribune, November 16, 2005) Late in 2005, those eligible for Medicare had to decide which, if any, of the many complex new prescription medication plans was right for them. To assist with this decision, a program called PlanFinder that compares available options was made available online. But are seniors online? Based on a survey conducted by the Los Angeles Times, it was estimated

Mix-Cultured Vagabonds - 1050 Words

Jhumpa Lahiri’s short story, â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies,† follows the adventure of an American-Indian family who are taking the role of tourists in their own native homeland. The Das family is inherently Indian, but the experience of being born and raised in America has diluted their cultural background. The Das family is a symbol of both American and Indian cultures intermixing, and due to this, the family does not completely belong in either culture. The Das family is Indian, but they have been socialized into American culture. These observations of the family’s American-like behaviors are seen through the eyes of the Indian tour-guide, Mr. Kapasi. During a rest stop, Lahiri mentions, â€Å"Where’s Mina?† Mr. Das asked. Mr. Kapasi found it†¦show more content†¦They had secretly planned for their children to spend every waking moment with each other, and consequently, fall in love and marry. Their plans had worked without being revealed . Mr. Kapasi, an Indian born and raised, is able to relate to this as his marriage was also arranged (341). Though, this is not the only similarity Mr. and Mrs. Das shares with Mr. Kapasi. As Mr. Kapasi notices, the Das’ have three children: Tina, Ronny and Bobby. Although Mr. Kapasi never makes known the exact number of children he has, but as Lahiri writes, â€Å"the other children who were born soon enough, and the new, bigger house† (342). It can be assumed that Mr. Kapasi also has many children. These value of big families is seen in both the Das family and Mr. Kapasi. Although the Das family may not be nearly as big as Mr. Kapasi’s family, it should also be noted that Mrs. Das is only twenty-eight years of age, and there is a great possibility that the family will expand from the three children (350). The Das family still bears marriage norms of Indian culture and the value of having a big family. The Das family displays some American behaviors, yet also p ossesses some intrinsically Indian values. In this way, there is a certain dualism of cultures in the family. Mr. Kapasi, who is purely Indian, notices this dynamic when he first spots the family at the hotel. Lahiri writes, â€Å"The family looked Indian but dressed as

Secure Data Aggregation Technique Networks - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Secure Data Aggregation Technique Networks. Answer: Introduction Wireless networking can be beneficial in increasing the productivity of any organization or easy connectivity between the devices. Because it is much easy to setup within the premises and at low cost expenditure it is being listed into the trending technology. This provides many advantages but also results in certain threats and issues that can alter the existing information and could raise security and privacy of the individuals connected to the network. These threats have been described in the following report include the countermeasures that could be helpful in mitigating them at extent level. The purpose of this report is to provide a basic understanding on the wireless networking concept and threats related to the application of this technology including the countermeasures. Accidental association could lead to the unauthorized access to an organization management or an individual network, which occurs due to the overlapping network of neighbors wireless access point. When an individual turns on his or her computer and accidently it latches to the wireless access point from the overlapping network of the neighbor and this accident is untraced by the user that it has occurred (Kavianpour Anderson, 2017). However this is a term of security breach to the neighbor network in that proprietary information of the individual or the organization is being exposed and could create a link to the computers connected to that network. It can be referred to the moment when wireless devices are actively made by the intruder in manner to be connected to that organization ions network through their personal laptop or other computer rather being connected to the company AP (Access Point).these computers or laptops are defined as soft Aps that are created when certain coding has been used to make the intruders network card look alike the legitimate access point (Pathan, 2016). Various malicious activities can be done after gaining the access such as intruder can steal the password, plant Trojans and/or launch attack on wired network. It can be regarded as the security risk as non-traditional networks like Bluetooth devices management are not the safe devices for cracking. Barcode readers, wireless printers, copiers, and handled PDAs are vulnerable to such attacks and should be secured as these can be overlooked by any IT team or individual those have not focused on access points and on computers much broadly (Hoque et al., 2014). Denial of Service It can be represented as DOS that can be occurred when an intruder tries to continuously bombard an AP that has been targeted or networks that have premature successful connection messages, bogus reports, or other commands including failure messages (Yan et al., 2016). These attempts could lead in crashing the network and even the legitimate user is not able to get on the network. Such attacks are completely relied on the abuse of protocols for example EAP (Extensive Authentication Protocol). Such type of attack occurred when an intruder uses the non-filtered network traffic access points, mainly the broadcasting network traffic for example OSPF, HSRP, RIP, and the spanning tree (802.1D). For affecting the routers, intelligent hubs, and the switches, an intruder uses the process of injecting bogus networking re-configuration commands (Rezwani et al., 2015). Such type of attack are capable of bringing the whole system down and there will be requirement of reprogramming for all the intelligent networking devices or may requires rebooting the system. Many of the wireless systems allow few kinds of MAC filtering in manner to allow the authorized computers with the specific MAC IDs for gaining the access and utilizing the network. MAC Spoofing can be occurred when an intruder gets access to listen in on network traffic and gets the ability to identify the MAC address of the laptops or computer with that network privileges (Gupta Jha, 2015). There are a number of coding and program that can be used for network sniffing capabilities and combining these coding with the software can be helpful in allowing the computer to pretend that it has MAC address as per the desire of the intruder and the intruders could easily made to getting into that hurdle. Countermeasures to the Raised Issues Poorly configured or insecure access points can lead towards compromising the confidentiality through providing unauthorized access to the network. There are various counter measures that could be taken for such threats and issues in the application of wireless networks that can be listed as: Securing wireless Access Points include three steps that could help in countering the threats stated above: Firstly, elimination of the rogue access points through using 802.1x on the wired network in manner to authenticate the devices or the computers that have been plugged in the same network. Second step can be sated as securely configuring the Authorized Access Points management that can be accomplished through changing all the settings that are default and well known to general persons or any IT personnel (DiPietro et al., 2014). Third step is through using 802.1x to authenticate all devices that can be helpful in preventing the unauthorized devices and rogue access points from becoming an insecure window for the intruders. Loss or theft and data compromise are the two major threats to the wireless client devices. Loss or thefts is related to the loss or theft of the PDAs and laptops that can be a concerning fact as in general these contains proprietary and confidential information. So there should be proper care and physical security should be maintained in manner to keep these information and devices secured and safe from getting into wrong hands (Wright Cache, 2015). Such carelessness could lead to the unauthorized access and sensitive data can be manipulated or compromised. Securing Wireless Networks There are various countermeasures for preventing the raised threats and issues that can be listed as: Use of encryption: encrypting or scrambling the communication over the network can help in better security for these networks and there should be proper built-in encryption mechanism into the access points, wireless routers, and base stations (Mukherjee et al., 2014). Use of Anti-spyware and anti-virus software, and firewall: Same protection is needed in this network as that of the internet connection and this software and firewall should be original and up-to date with the latest versions through keeping auto-update option on. Turn off identifier broadcasting: It is a mechanism in a router that enables it to send out a signal specifying its presence in the vicinity. There is no need for this broadcast as all the users would already know its presence. This broadcast can be used by the intruders to gain unauthorized access. Changing the router on the router from default: There is a default ID assigned by the manufacturer of the router that should be changed because even after turning identifier off intruders can get the access to the network through these default IDs (Chelli, 2015). Changing pre-administrator and pre-set passwords of the router: Everything that is being provided by the manufacturers has default credentials and those data is enough for a programmer to get into the network and gain unauthorized access. This should be changed from default to personal credentials. Allowing access to only specific computers: External computers should not be allowed to be connected to the network as it could lead to several threats as mentioned above. This could be achieved by incorporating MAC filtering on for the routers. Turning off the wireless network while not using it: The intrusion cannot be made if the router has no power so it is better to keep it off when the individuals are not around. Training and Educating Users Users are one of the basic components of wireless networking and also for its security and can be regarded as the key component for the security of wireless networking. Indeed the training for the users is an important aspect regarding the security of wireless network and educating them about the secure wireless behavior can eliminate many threats and it should be introduced in a repeated manner to the users (Dhingra Verma, 2015). It is an important part of the WLAN security policy that states that there should be regular audit to the wireless network for the rogue hardware. Mapping and scanning for all the WLAN Nodes and access points are the major activities for this section. Wavelan-tool and netstumbler are the common available mapping tools that can be used to enhance the security of wireless networks (Shu Krunz, 2015). Conclusion: Based on the above report it can be concluded that networking technology can be helpful in increasing the productivity of the organization within the budget but it also alters the risk related to the information security profile. It can be stated that completely elimination of these threats or risks is not possible whereas, proper and effective countermeasures can be taken to prevent such unwanted situations through systematic approach for assessing and managing these risks. This report discusses how and what countermeasures could be taken to minimize these threats at the level of extent and how training and auditing are the most important aspect for assessing these risks. References: Chelli, K. (2015, July). Security issues in wireless sensor networks: attacks and countermeasures. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (Vol. 1, pp. 1-3). Dhingra, K., Verma, A. (2015). Legislation Vulnerabilities, Threats and Counter Measures in Wireless Network Security. IITM Journal of Management and IT, 6(1), 135-139. Di Pietro, R., Guarino, S., Verde, N. V., Domingo-Ferrer, J. (2014). Security in wireless ad-hoc networksa survey. Computer Communications, 51, 1-20. Gupta, A., Jha, R. K. (2015, May). Security threats of wireless networks: A survey. In Computing, communication automation (ICCCA), 2015 international conference on (pp. 389-395). IEEE. Hoque, N., Bhuyan, M. H., Baishya, R. C., Bhattacharyya, D. K., Kalita, J. K. (2014). Network attacks: Taxonomy, tools and systems. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 40, 307-324. Kavianpour, A., Anderson, M. C. (2017, June). An Overview of Wireless Network Security. In Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud), 2017 IEEE 4th International Conference on (pp. 306-309). IEEE. Mukherjee, A., Fakoorian, S. A. A., Huang, J., Swindlehurst, A. L. (2014). Principles of physical layer security in multiuser wireless networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 16(3), 1550-1573. Pathan, A. S. K. (Ed.). (2016). Security of self-organizing networks: MANET, WSN, WMN, VANET. CRC press. Rezvani, M., Ignjatovic, A., Bertino, E., Jha, S. (2015). Secure data aggregation technique for wireless sensor networks in the presence of collusion attacks. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 12(1), 98-110. Rezvani, M., Ignjatovic, A., Bertino, E., Jha, S. (2015). Secure data aggregation technique for wireless sensor networks in the presence of collusion attacks. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, 12(1), 98-110. Shu, T., Krunz, M. (2015). Privacy-preserving and truthful detection of packet dropping attacks in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on mobile computing, 14(4), 813-828. Wright, J., Cache, J. (2015). Hacking exposed wireless: wireless security secrets solutions. McGraw-Hill Education Group. Yan, Q., Yu, F. R., Gong, Q., Li, J. (2016). Software-defined networking (SDN) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in cloud computing environments: A survey, some research issues, and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 18(1), 602-622.

Tv has negative influence on society free essay sample

Introduction: According to David Hinckley of New York Daily News, The average America over the age of 2 spends more than 34 hours a week watching live television plus another 3-6 hours watching taped programs. This statistic shows how much tv can affect us, considering how much we watch it. I want you to think about your favorite tv show right now. Ill bet you that that show contains some kind of violence, sexual interactions, cussing, drug or alcohol usage, stereotypes and many other bad influences. Even shows like Spongebob Squarepants, a kids cartoon, are saying to have subliminal, or hidden, messages that are disturbing and wrong. Resolution: My partner and I are resolved that tv has a negative influence on society. By negative influence we mean a power affecting a person, think, or course of events in a bad way(free dictionary. com). And in this case, tv is affecting society, or people in general thought of as living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions and values. We will write a custom essay sample on Tv has negative influence on society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My first argument is that violence on tv leads to aggressive behavior in the people watching it. According to Dr. Gail Gross in the Huffington Post, when children see violence on television, they have a difficult time differentiating between what is real and what is make believe, and tend to copy what they see. In 1 study done at Pennsylvania Statue University in 1982, about 100 preschool children were observed both before and after watching tv. Some watched cartoons that had a lot of aggressive and violent acts and others watched shows with no violence. The researchers notched real differences. Children who watched the violent shows were more likely to hit out at their playmates, argue, disobey class rules, leave tasks unfinished, and were less willing to wait for things than those who watched the unviable not programs, says Aletha Huston-Stein PH. D, now at the University of Kansas. In conclusion, media violence makes kids more aggressive, less patient, and more fearful of the world around them. There are plenty of violent tv shows like law and order, criminal minds, the walking dead, breaking bad, and so on that show case violence and killings. These shows can lead many people to follow in their ways. So as you can see from this evidence, violence on tv leads to aggressive behavior in the people watching it. My second argument is that watching tv gives open access to everything. When you watch tv, you are susceptible to messages that are dangerous, especially the youth. Say that you are a young kid and your parents want to keep you away from the dangers of drug and sex until youre older. Well whole watching tv you could flip to a channel and start watching a television show that includes these activities. Now as a young kid you may be confused and not know the difference between right and wrong when it comes to these new things you havent heard of before. Another point is shows like teen mom expose you to premarital sex and these shows make it seem normal and natural to have sex as a teenager. Furthermore, according to changingchannels. org, tv desensitizes viewers to the evil nature of premarital sex and unprovoked violence, encouraging young viewers to find them acceptable and normal in society. So you can see from the points made, television gives people, especially youth, open access to everything. conclusion: Our first argument was that tv violence leads to aggressive behavior in the people watching it. Our second argument was that tv gives people open access to everything. Do you really want young children susceptible to drug, sex, and violence before they are even old enough to know what it is? From these arguments, it should be clear that tv is leaving a negative impact on our society.

Keep Sharing as the Debate on essays

Keep Sharing as the Debate on essays There is a war raging throughout the music industry right now. Unfortunately it is not about which big star can sell the most records by producing the best music. Instead, this battle doesnt really involve any big names at all. It is in fact, all about the little guy, the consumer, and more specifically the downloader. You know, the one who sits in front of his computer all day and night swapping files and downloading tracks from numerous websites. These people have been around for a lot longer than many of us realize. However it was very difficult to find music five or ten years ago. Only with the accessibility and ease of interface of sites such as Napster, Kazaa, and Morpheus did their numbers increase to a level that caused concern with many artists as well as the Record Industry Association of America. These parties were concerned that this boom of Peer-to-Peer file sharing was drastically reducing their profits and made a push to have these sites shut down and their users stopp ed, or at least made to pay for their use. They feel these sites are illegal and immoral. While the legal matters pertaining to this case are unclear and well beyond the realm of my understanding, I can speak to the morality of this issue and feel very strongly that file sharing should remain entirely legal, and that file sharing, with the exception of a small percentage of the people that use it, is very moral indeed. Not to mention the fact that it actually helps more artists, more often than it hinders them. File sharing may actually help the music industry by fostering the natural selection of the best artists while forcing the fake and untalented musicians out of the business. This whole debacle could have been avoided if the music industry would have embrace the concept of file sharing and used it as another tool to distribute their product. Instead, they chose to ignore it, either out of fear or sheer ignorance and it has now feste...

Pleonasms

Pleonasms Pleonasms Pleonasms By Mark Nichol This post pertains to varieties of pleonasms, instances of verbal redundancy, which are usually a sign of careless or lazy writing (though some are employed for rhetorical effect). The word pleonasm stems from the Greek term pleonazein, meaning â€Å"to be excessive,† and is related to plenty, plural, and plus. One type of redundancy is onomastic pleonasm (that’s one of my favorite phrases), in which a word derived from a foreign language referring to a type of geographical feature is redundantly paired with the English equivalent of that word to describe some such feature, as with â€Å"Sahara Desert† (proper usage is â€Å"the Sahara†) or â€Å"Mount Fujiyama† (Fujiyama, or â€Å"Mount Fuji†). However, some redundancy is tolerated, as in the case of â€Å"the River Avon†/â€Å"the Avon River† (though the various rivers so named, like many others, are often referred to without the categorical name: â€Å"the Avon†) and â€Å"the La Brea Tar Pits.† Another is acronymic pleonasm, in which an acronym or initialism serves as an adjective for a noun already represented by one of the initials in the abbreviation, as in â€Å"ATM machine† or â€Å"CAD design.† (A related redundancy is â€Å"Please RSVP†; the acronym is an abbreviation of the French phrase â€Å"Repondez si’l vous plait,† meaning, â€Å"Respond, if you please.†) And speaking of abbreviations, e.g. (or its translation, â€Å"for example†) explicitly signals that one or more examples will be listed, so avoid tagging etc. onto the end of a list preceded by the abbreviation or the phrase (though etc. is not redundant to i.e., which means â€Å"that is†). Redundancies often occur in phrases in which the meaning of an adjective is implicit in the noun, as in â€Å"new recruit,† â€Å"specific example,† and â€Å"temporary reprieve† or phrases in which the redundancy follows, rather than precedes, the sufficient word (â€Å"add up,† â€Å"postpone until later,† â€Å"repeat again†). Also, edit phrases in which a stated quality is already implied (â€Å"few in number,† â€Å"green in color.)† Forgivable pleonasms include those in which the original meaning of a word has been subverted so that a clarifying adjective is required. For example, until a few decades ago, clocks were analogue, or mechanical. When digital timekeeping devices became the default type, it became necessary to sometimes qualify a description to â€Å"analog clock.† Likewise, in law and law enforcement, doublets such as â€Å"aid and abet† â€Å"breaking and entering,† and â€Å"cease and desist,† which are not literally redundant but appear so, persist. However, writers and speakers should both cease and desist employing such pleonasms as â€Å"each and every,† â€Å"first and foremost,† and (shudder) â€Å"way, shape, or form.† In addition, two words that are usually implicitly pleonastic are currently and different; in â€Å"He is currently on vacation,† the present-tense verb renders currently superfluous, and in â€Å"They tried a variety of different strategies,† different is extraneous because variety is sufficient to convey distinction. Another word to monitor is completely when it is paired with a verb that implies finality, such as destroyed or eradicated, and avoid qualifying necessary with a qualifier such as absolutely. Finally, Great Authors have employed pleonasm as a literary device, but unless you are a Great Author, minimize such flourishes as â€Å"I saw it with my own eyes.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

The Motorcycles Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Motorcycles Company - Essay Example The size of these engines ranges from 500 cc to 1000 cc. Now the organization is planning to introduce large tour class motorcycles in order to target those customers who love to travel long distance. The proposed target market for this segmented motor cycles are the males aged between 35 and 60. The organization is targeting the customers whose income level ranges from 55, 000 US dollar to 100, 000 US dollars. The management of the organization decided to develop new strategies for newly proposed motorcycles. In addition to this, the organization will try to continue with its existing products in order to maintain existing client base. Discussion This part of the essay will outline required process steps that are required to develop the motor cycle. Process Steps and Rational for response First of all, it is important for a project manager to identify key suppliers for the required engines that are used in touring class motorcycles. Many suppliers and distributors are available in t he market. But it will be effective for the organization to rely on old and existing suppliers. The project management team should find out effective and skilled workforce who has the ability to fix the engines and parts and develop new touring class motor cycle. It has been discussed in the case study that the organization is trying to use larger than 1100 cc engines in their touring class motor cycle. ... The organization should develop a budget for manufacturing and distributing these motorcycles to end customers. The organization should try to give high quality parts and engines in the motorcycle to gain significant customer loyalty and high brand preference. In addition to this, effective budget management process will help the organization to determine the pricing of motorcycles. The project management team should try to incorporate advanced technology in business process as it will help the organization to reduce the operating time and cost. In addition to this, the employees of organization can feel limited work pressure by this strategy implication. Promotion is an important element for an organization to market its products and services. Motorcycle rally, digital media promotions and online advertising will help the organization to create huge brand awareness. Last but not the least; the organization should give value to after sales service and feedback process as it will help the organization’s project management team to improve the quality of the motorcycles. Recommended Strategy to senior executives It is important for the organization to focus on its existing business activities rather than wholly focus on new business strategies. It is true that the organization is implementing new business and product differentiation strategy based on the recognition and profitability of existing business. The senior executives should realize that maintaining business sustainability in the long term is the important objective for the organizations. On the other hand, creating some brand awareness on the mind of target customers for the newly developed motorcycle would serve short term needs of this motorcycle company. It is impossible for the organization to

Write your own Gospel Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Write your own Gospel - Term Paper Example Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you (Matt. 7:7).Do not let human sufferings therefore weaken your trust in God and separate you from your loving father. Jesus answered: there are three causes of human sufferings. First, human suffering is indeed caused by sin. By sinning, human being scorns the infinite mercy and love of God, for this reason, sin actually severs the good relationship between man and God. For this reason, the sinner feels alienated from God, and from life itself because it is only in God that man can find his life. Again, sin calls for direct punishment from God because God is just, and for that reason God ensures that justice is done in the world. Sin causes moral imbalance and for that reason, sin must be punished so as to restore the distorted moral balance. The second cause of human suffering is for spiritual purposes. Although human sufferings can at times take one away from God, human sufferings however can strengthen one’s faith in God. By bearing one’s sufferings gallantly trusting in God’s love and providence, one’s faith in God is strengthened. As the example of Job in the Script ures shows, God allows his elect to undergo sufferings, so as to test their faith and to purify and strengthen their faith. The third cause of human sufferings is for the glory of God. God allows some forms of human sufferings in the world so that through the sufferings, God’s power and glory may be made manifest. For example, a person may be born blind so that through him the works of God might be displayed (John 9:3). Judas Iscariot asked Jesus: teacher, but why would an infinitely loving and omnipotent God allow His children to undergo the terrible sufferings that we experience in the world? I am unable to reconcile the infinite power and love of God, with the concept of human sufferings. Jesus said to

Principles of the Sda Health Message Essay Example for Free

Principles of the Sda Health Message Essay The Seventh Day Adventist religion has certain guidelines and principles on the health of their bodies and minds. The main focus of these principles can be broken into 8 main areas; The blessing of Exercise, The blessing of Water, The blessing of Sunlight, The blessing of Fresh Air, The blessing of Temperate, Drug-free, Stimulant-free Living, The blessing of Rest, The blessing of Nutritious Food and Trust in Divine Power. Each of these areas has separate ideas and guidelines on how to truly nurture your body and mind. Although these principles were introduced a long time ago most of them are still relevant for today’s lifestyles but like most things they do have weaknesses. The blessing of Exercise states that exercise is not merely an option, it is essential to maintaining both physical and mental health. Regular exercise has the benefits of increased energy, stress relief, healthier skin, more self-confidence, effective weight control, reduced depression and the risk of heart disease and cancer. Our bodies are designed to be active yet in today’s society we are moving less. Society’s lazy lifestyle has resulted in a rise in many medical conditions. Some conditions that result from inactivity include: heart disease, stroke, obesity, diabetes, ‘metabolic disorder’, and certain cancers. Proverbs 6:6-13 says â€Å"How long is the lazy man going to lie around? When is he ever going to get up? Ill just take a short nap, he says; Ill fold my hands and rest a while. But while he sleeps, poverty will attack him like an armed robber.† This verse is saying that useful activity tends to prosperity while inactivity and laziness tend to adversity. Christ himself set an example of physical activity. For most of his life he was engaged in manual labour and during his ministry he walked the roads of Palestine. Christians partake in exercise to keep their bodies healthy and reach their full potential as a creation of God, to serve him efficiently. In today’s society there are no weaknesses with the idea of exercise, it is still beneficial to our bodies to partake in exercise. Water is a vital fluid which without we would die. The human body is 75% water but it is constantly being lost through exhaling and perspiration. Drinking 6 – 8 glasses of pure water a day will aid in maintaining efficient, happy wellbeing. Water is often linked with purity. We use water to clean our bodies, cleanse our insides and to clean our conscience. Water is also used during Baptism in Christian religions because of its purity. A clean body inside and out and a clean conscience will lead to total health. The principle, The Blessing of Water is based not only on our body’s physical need for water but also the use of water to clean our body, soul, conscience and mind this is a key to full health. So let us come near to God with a sincere heart and a sure faith, with hearts that have been purified from a guilty conscience and with bodies washed with clean water (Hebrews 10:22 GNT). This quote focuses on the use of water for cleanliness of the physical body and the heart and conscience. Light is essential to life (Gen. 1:3). It powers the process that produces the nutrients that nourish and energize our bodies and that releases the oxygen we must have to live. Sunshine promotes health and healing. Every living thing in our world is dependent on sunlight. There are many proven health benefits one will receive from being exposed to regular sunlight. Some health benefits that sunlight can give us include lowers blood sugar and blood pressure, lowers cholesterol by converting it to vitamin D, increases red and white blood cells in the body, strengthens the immune system, helps calm nerves and increases adrenaline, destroys germs on the skin, increases circulation, helps eliminate pesticides and other chemicals from the body. The sun is an essential part of our life and that has not changed and will never change as we depend on it to live and keep us healthy. Sunlight does need to be in moderation especially in today’s society where skin cancer is very high. The most essential element to sustain life is oxygen. Without it we would die in a few minutes. Fresh air helps the immune system fight disease, rids the body of impurities and helps prevent problems such as fevers, colds and disease. An environment with impure air causes blood to carry less oxygen than is required for optimal function of cells. This tends to make a person less alert and responsive. Adults spend about 8-10 hours indoors at work and children 5-6 hours indoors at school instead of being outdoors in the fresh air. Dust collects on every surface and even as we get rid of it, the dust swirls around and makes its way into our respiratory system. As we cook food, occasionally we burn a meal or two and those fumes get inhaled also. Companies try to sell us products to ‘clean’ the air in our homes, but they add to the indoor air pollution. There is no substitute for fresh air. People living in small towns experience air which is fresher than those living in cities and therefore the benefits are even greater for them. This is because the air in large cities is polluted with smoke from factories and vehicles. More oxygen to the muscles reduces that lactic acid build-up in the muscles which leads to cramping. Ellen White once said The stomach, liver, lungs and brain are suffering for want of deep, full inspirations of air which would electrify the blood and impart to it a bright, lively colour, and which alone can keep it pure, and give tone and vigour to every part of the living machinery.. The only weakness of this idea in today’s society is the amount of air pollution we are faced with. We are not able to gain the full potential of this idea because of this pollution. The Blessing of a Temperate, Drug-free, Stimulant-free Living includes the use of any drugs even caffeine and alcohol as well as things that overstimulate our bodies like most technologies. The wise Christian will abstain from all that is harmful, using in moderation only that which is good. Drugs have saturated our society because they offer stimulation and release from stress and pain. Christians are surrounded with seductive invitations to use drugs. Even many popular, innocent-appearing beverages contain drugs – coffee, tea and colas etc all contain caffeine. Tobacco is another drug that is popular in society but tobacco in any form is a slow poison that has a harmful effect on physical, mental and moral powers. At first it affects are hardly noticeable. It excites and then paralyses the nerve, weakening and clouding the brain. Alcohol is a very popular drug in society today but some people do not understand that it is a drug and the effects it can have on the body. Since God communicates with us only through our minds, it is well to remember that alcohol adversely affects their every function. As the level of alcohol in the system rises, the drinker progresses through loss of coordination, confusion, disorientation, anaesthesia, coma and death. Drinking alcoholic beverages on a regular basis will eventually produce loss of memory, judgement and learning ability. Although the ideas behind this make sense and can improve health, in today’s busy society caffeine would have to be one of the highest used drugs. Proper rest is essential for health of body and mind. Periods of rest provide much needed quietness for communion with God: â€Å"Be still, and know that I am God† (Ps 46:10). God stressed our need for rest by setting aside the seventh day of the week as the day of rest (Ex 20:10). Rest is more than sleeping or ceasing our regular work. It involves the way we spend our leisure time. Weariness is not always caused by stress or by working too hard or too long. Our minds can be wearied by overstimulation though the media, sickness or various personal problems. Recreation is re-creation in the truest sense of the word. It strengthens, builds up and refreshes the mind and body. To life at its best, Christians should only pursue only those forms of recreation and entertainment that strengthen their bond with Christ and improve health. This is a much needed principle in today’s society but again it is unrealistic with such busy lifestyles. The blessing of nutritious foods was given to the first couple by the Creator with the ideal diet. â€Å"I have provided all kinds of grain and all kinds of fruit for you to eat† (Gen 1:29 GN). The diet God planned for us consisted of grains, fruits, nuts and vegetables. This diet offers the right nutritional ingredients to support optimum health. The Bible does not condemn the eating of clean animal products, but in the original diet God gave us did not include any flesh foods and this is why the Seventh Day Adventists try to follow a vegetarian diet. The vegetarian diet is the ideal, but sometimes we cannot always have the ideal. Those who wish to stay in optimum health will eat the best food they can obtain. The Seventh Day Adventist started the company Sanitarium which makes healthy, vegetarian food to help them to obtain the best foods they can. Another weakness of the original diet is that it can reduce the chance of your body to lack in proteins, calcium, vitamin B12, i ron and Zinc. Trusting in God means to rely on Him. You must surrender your will, your ideas, your desires and your future in to Gods hands. It takes a very special relationship to allow you to surrender so much. When we trust in god we look to Him for guidance, we look to Him when things go bad, we look to Him for help and we look at Him for love and strength. All God requires from us is to simply trust in Him. Trust in God can is the only way that we can overcome our fears and weakness. To trust in God we put all confidence into His character, ability and strength. We depend and have faith in Him; we believe He is who He says He is. There are no weakness when trusting in God the only thing that comes when trusting God is the strength to let him into your life and replaces feelings of insecurity and fear with those of love and compassion. We can trust in many things. None, however, offer the protection, the long term security, or benefit that trusting in God offers. Although these health messages are still spoken about and believed in they are not always, in today’s society, followed exactly. It is all well and good to think that these principles are a good idea but it is another thing to follow them. We have the mentality these days that yes something may be a good idea and you may believe in what it means and what it is doing but we still don’t do it. Times have changed and we are not ‘forced’ or expected to do things that people were once ‘scared’ of defying like attending church or following principles of their religion like these health principles. Although these messages are mainly still useful today they need to be put into practice to achieve any results. References Bible: Good News Translation. (1992). Ingleburn, NSW: The Bible society. Chamberlain, M. (1997). Cooranbong first town in Lake Macquarie: 1826-1996. Cooranbong: Michael Chamberlain. Health Systems Check,. (2012) Alcohol and Malnutrition. Health Effects of Alcohol Consumption. Retrieved on 25th May 2012 from http://www.healthchecksystems.com/alcohol.htm Hopp, J. (1984). Light for living part 1. Journal of Adventist Education. 40(4). Retrieved on 26th May 2012 from http://circle.adventist.org/files/jae/en/jae198446041714.pdf Parker, M. (2011). Christian Behaviour. Lecture presented to education students at Avondale College, Cooranbong, NSW. Sun Safety Alliance. (n.d.). The facts about getting too much sun. Skin Cancer. Retrieved 28th May 2012 from http://www.sunsafetyalliance.org/bare_facts.html

Credit Crunch :: Financial Crisis, Increased Interest Rates

Credit crunch, the sudden reduction in the availability of liquidity (loan or credit) in the financial market that lead to higher rates of borrowing, has occurred at 9 August 2007 ((National Council for Voluntary Organisations, 2010; Investopedia ULC, 2010; Anon., 2009). This mainly due to the housing bubble in between 2000 to 2007 (Xu, 2009) that dampen the confidence of financial institutions to lend which thus increased the interest rate by 20%, make it nearly impossible for companies to borrow (Xu, 2009; Buzzle.com, 2010; Investopedia ULC, 2010). This has therefore impact every form of business, as well as, the multinational enterprise - that based in one country, but has operate various business activities through a network of subsidiaries in one or more foreign countries (Hodgetts, R.M & Rugman, A.M., 2003) One of the multinational enterprises that being affected is Ford Motor Company, an automotive manufacturer, based in Dearborn, America which founded and incorporated by Henry Ford on 16th June, 1903 (Iloveindia.com, 2010; Anon., 2010). Prior to this credit crunch issues, Ford is aggressively on investing in foreign countries and acquisition of other companies. It has begun its foreign investment after the first manufacturing plant build in the small town of Walkerville, Canada on August 17, 1904. (Novelguide.com, 2010), and has started to take over other companies, such as Mercury, Volvo (Sweden), Aston Martin (UK) and a 33% of Mazda (Japan), after the first acquisition of Lincoln Motor Company in 1925 (Answer.com, 2010; The Super Cars, 2010). Furthermore, in the mid-1980, Ford has diversified into financial services, namely Ford Motor Credit Company (FundingUniverse, 2004; Anon., 2010), and has soon become the country's second largest provider of diversified financial services, ranking only behind Citicorp after take over The Associates, a Dallas-based finance company in 1989 (FundingUniverse, 2004). It has thus expanded the manufacturing, assembly and sales facilities in 34 countries (Freeonlineresearchpaper.com, 2009) which group in four principal regions – North America (parent country), South America, Europe and Asia Pacific (Ford Motor Company, 2008). In order to manage the huge organization smoothly, Ford seeks a balance between centralized leadership and decentralized implementation in its parent and host country (Bazak, et al., 1998.). Hence, the management in each region company has maintain a corporate jurisdiction, where, each had its own manufacturing processes , product development systems, suppliers, and other duplicative structures the regions along but still under the general supervision of the main office. (Ford Motor Company, 2008).

Returning to College Essay

At the beginning of 2013 I had a discussion with my co worker about returning back to school, and the I was indecisive on what I wanted to major in. So she suggested that I do online courses, and major in Organizational Management since I wanted to become a manager within the company I am currently employed. She referred me to Ashford University, and I must say that I am very happy that she referred me to this university because it works perfectly with my work schedule. In 2002 I was accepted into Lemoyne Owens University back in Memphis,  Tennessee to major in Child Development and Education because I wanted to be a elementary school teacher. I did not attend the university because the university wanted my parents to pay more in tuition than what they were offering me in Financial Aid. At the time student loans was not an option for me for I decided to attend a Junior College instead. My first year and a half at Laney Junior College I took cosmetology classes because Laney did not offer Child Development courses and the other junior colleges classes were full. I graduated with my Associates Degree in Cosmetology in 2004, and  returned to receive my Associates Degree in Business Administration. Although I started off taking business courses I ended up switching my major to receive my Associates Degree in Liberal Arts, because it would have taken 3 years to receive my degree in business admin. Once I graduated in 2006 with my Liberal Arts degree I decided not to go back to school after that although I wanted to. I decided to put all of my effort into my 3 job, until 7 years down the line one of my co workers who is also a student at Ashford University convinced me to return to school to get my Bachelor’s Degree. Returning back to school was frequently on my mind but I did not know how to fit it in with my busy work schedule, and I felt that my writing skills were not up to the college level like they should be. Obtaining a higher degree is very important to me because it can possibly help me in the long run career wise. I would love to own my own business some day, particularly my own day care center. I also would like to be an accountant and possibly have my own accounting business. There are times that I feel that my job gets in the way of me completing my school work. So I try to set time aside each day to complete at least one discussion each day and try to complete my assignments and responses over the weekend. There are things that tend to get in the way of those plans so I just end up staying up late to complete my work. I try my hardest not to let any obstacles get in my way but I can’t predict my life and each step as much as I wish that I could. I plan on graduating next year with my Bachelor’s in Organizational Management and then try to obtain my degree in Accounting. Returning back to school has so far been one of my best life decisions thus.

Gearing and Capital Structure

The profit & loss statement of Biro Co is given below: Revenue 15,000 Cost of Sales (3,000) Gross profit 12,000 Expenses (2,500) Profit before interest & tax 9,500 Interest (2,200) Tax (1,300) Net Profit 6,000If 15% Expenses & 50% Cost of sales are variable costs. What is the operational gearing of Biro Co. nearest two decimal places using (Contribution à · PBIT)? (FIB)95256604000(2 marks)Q2. Hutt Co. has a debt of $200m with equity of $400m. The new investors are confused on the gearing level of Hutt Co. If the investors use debt to debt plus equity method which stage of gearing level is Hutt Co at? (MCQ)UngearedNormal GearedHighly GearedLow Geared(2 marks)Q3. What will be the effect on the financial risk of a company if the interest covers are as follows? (HA)Interest Cover is 6.5 times HIGH LOWInterest Cover is 3 times HIGH LOW(2 marks)Q4. The ordinary shares of a company have a face value of $0.3/share & are currently traded on the market for $5/share. The bonds have a face value of $100 and currently, trade at $110. The preference shares have a face value of $1 and currently, trade at 60 cents. What is the market value based gearing of the company, defined as prior charge capital/equity using the following information giving an answer to the nearest %? (FIB)$000 $000Equity Reserves 10,000 Ordinary Shares 4,200 14,200Non-current liabilities Bank loans 5,100 Bonds 3,500 Preference shares 6,000 14,600Current Liabilities Overdraft 2,000 Payables 3,200 5,20034,000-2032014541500(2 marks)Q5. Which of the following ratios relate to either Financial Risk or Business Risk? (HA)(Debt/Equity) Ãâ€" 100 FINANCIAL BUSINESS(PBIT/Interest) FINANCIAL BUSINESS(Fixed Cost/Variable Cost) FINANCIAL BUSINESS(2 marks)Q6. At 15th December 2011, a marketing agency declares an interim ordinary dividend of 9.3c/share and a final ordinary dividend of 10.2c/share. Assuming an ex-div share price of 612c, what is the dividend yield? (MCQ)1.52%1.67%3.19%3.74%(2 marks)Q7. A company has $205m assets and has liabilities of $70m. Current liabilities make up 20% of the total liabilities. The company has a profit after tax of $130 and the corporation tax in the market is 25%. The company has no interest paying loans. What is the return on capital employed? (MCQ)63%68%79%85%(2 marks)Q8. A group of shareholders was expecting an overall bad result for dividends but when the results were announced the results were not as bad as it was expected by the shareholders. This would probably have the following impact: (HA)Dividend Yield INCREASE UN-EFFECTED DECREASEPrice/ Earnings ratio INCREASE UN-EFFECTED DECREASE (2 marks)Q9. Warden Co. has a current share price of $8.5/share which was previously $4.7/share. The company paid a dividend of $2.6/share. What return would the shareholders likely to be given on their investment? (FIB)400055461000(2 marks)Q10. Which of the following statement relates to the ratios given below? (P&D)It provides a basic measure of the company performance This is the basic measure of a company's performance from an ordinary shareholder's point of view An indication of the effect on shareholders wealth RETURN OF SHAREHOLDERS PRICE/EARNINGS RATIO EARNINGS PER SHARE(2 marks)GEARING AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE (ANSWERS)Q1. 1.38Cost of sales = 3,000 Ãâ€" 50% = 1,500Expenses = 2,500 Ãâ€" 15% = 375Total variable cost = 1,875Contribution = 15,000 – 1,875 = 13,125Operational Gearing = 13,125 à · 9,500 = 1.38 Q2. DGearing = [200 à · (400+200)] Ãâ€" 100 = 33.33%Ungeared (0%), Normal Geared (=50%), Highly Geared (>50%) & Low Geared (

American Son essays

American Son essays A Love between a mother and her child can be so strong that sometimes it is hard for one to express how they feel. A mother ¡Ã‚ ¯s love for her child is unconditional and so is the child ¡Ã‚ ¯s love for their mother. However, everybody expresses their love in different ways and sometimes the way one person expresses their love can hurt the other person ¡Ã‚ ¯s feeling even though it is not intentionally meant to hurt the person. Jonathan Kirsch from the Los Angeles Times writes about the American son,  ¡Ã‚ °At every moment, at every level, Tomas and Gabe and their mother injure one another in intimate ways, even when they try to rescue each other. ¡ This quote holds true for the mother and her son Tomas in the novel, The American Son by Brian Ascalon Roley. They both injure one another in intimate ways, even when they try to rescue each other. The novel takes place in the 1990 ¡Ã‚ ¯s California. A mother comes with her two sons Tomas and Gabe from Manila and works two j obs to provide for them. Tomas the older son associates himself with Mexicans gangsters and breed ¡Ã‚ ¯s expensive attack guard dogs to help support the family who was abandoned by his father long ago. Tomas is always causing trouble and worrying his mother. The younger son Gabe is the good son but as he grows older he strays in the same pattern as his older brother Tomas. Tomas the older son is the son who helps pay the mortgage by selling attack dogs to rich people and celebrities. He is the son who keeps his mother up late with worry and who causes her embarrassment by showing up at family parties with his muscles covered in gangster tattoos and his head shaved down to stubble and his eyes bloodshot from pot. He is half white, half Filipino but dresses like a Mexican gangster that his mother does not like. He is also the son who says that if any girlfriend criticized his mother or treated her wrong he would knock the bitch across the house (15). Tomas seems to do thi...

Virginia Apgar Biography, Creator of Key Newborn Test

Virginia Apgar Biography, Creator of Key Newborn Test Virginia Agpar  (1909-1974) was a physician, educator, and medical researcher who developed the Apgar Newborn Scoring System, which increased infant survival rates. She famously warned that use of some anesthetics during childbirth negatively affected infants and was a pioneer in anesthesiology, helping to raise the respect for the discipline. As an educator at the March of Dimes, she helped refocus the organization from polio to birth defects. Early Life and Education Virginia Apgar was born in Westfield, New Jersey. Coming from a family of amateur musicians, Apgar played violin and other instruments, and became a skilled musician, performing with the Teaneck Symphony. In 1929, Virginia Apgar graduated from Mount Holyoke College, where she studied zoology and a premed curriculum. During her college years, she supported herself by working as a librarian and waitress. She also played in the orchestra, earned an athletic letter, and wrote for the school paper. In 1933, Virginia Apgar graduated fourth in her class from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and became the fifth woman to hold a surgical internship at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York. In 1935, at the end of the internship, she realized that there were few opportunities for a female surgeon. In the middle of the Great Depression, few male surgeons were finding positions and bias against female surgeons was high. Career Apgar transferred to the relatively new medical field of anesthesiology, and spent 1935-37 as a resident in anesthesiology at Columbia University, the University of Wisconsin, and Bellevue Hospital, New York. In 1937, Virginia Apgar became the 50th physician in the US certified in anesthesiology. In 1938, Apgar was appointed Director of the Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center - the first woman to head a department at that institution. From 1949-1959, Virginia Apgar served as professor of anesthesiology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. In that position she was also the first female full professor at that University and the first full professor of anesthesiology at any institution. The Agpar Score System In 1949, Virginia Apgar developed the Apgar Score System (presented in 1952 and published in 1953), a simple five-category observation-based assessment of newborn health in the delivery room, which became widely used in the United States and elsewhere. Before the  use of this system, delivery room attention was largely focused on the mothers condition, not the infants, unless the infant was in obvious distress. The Apgar Score looks at five categories, using Apgars name as a mnemonic: Appearance (skin color)Pulse (heart rate)Grimace (reflex irritability)Activity (muscle tone)Respiration (breathing) While researching the systems effectiveness, Apgar noted that cyclopropane as an anesthetic for the mother had a negative effect on the infant, and as a result, its use in labor was discontinued. In 1959, Apgar left Columbia for Johns Hopkins, where she earned a doctorate in public health, and decided to change her career. From 1959-67, Apgar served as head of division of congenital malformations National Foundation - the March of Dimes organization - , which she helped refocus from polio to birth defects. From 1969-72, she was the director of basic research for the National Foundation, a job that included lecturing for public education. From 1965-71, Apgar served on the board of trustees at  Mount Holyoke College. She also served during those years as a lecturer at Cornell University, the first such medical professor in the United States to specialize in birth defects. Personal Life and Legacy In 1972, Virginia Apgar published Is My Baby All Right?, co-written with Joan Beck, which became a popular parenting book. In 1973, Apgar lectured at Johns Hopkins University, and from 1973-74, she was the senior vice president for medical affairs, National Foundation. In 1974, Virginia Apgar died in New York City. She never married, saying I havent found a man who can cook. Apgars hobbies included music (violin, viola, and cello), making musical instruments, flying (after age 50), fishing, photography, gardening, and golf. Awards and Accolades Four honorary degrees (1964-1967)Ralph Walders Medal, American Society of AnesthesiologistsGold Medal of Columbia UniversityWoman of the Year, 1973, Ladies Home JournalAmerican Academy of Pediatrics prize named after  herMount Holyoke College created an academic chair in her name

Disc 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disc 11 - Essay Example Reading this article makes it possible to see that the divine command ethics does not play a crucial role in todays technologically developing world. Despite the fact that moral values ​​are considered to be of particular importance the modern world denies their absolute status. As it is known, the divine command theory suggests that the commandments of God are the only true and cannot be violated under any conditions. However, the realities of the modern world dictate the terms under which it does not always make sense to keep Gods commandments, because this compliance can lead to consequences that are even more tragic. In this regard, a consequentialist ethical system seems to be more justified, since it takes into account the consequences of various actions and deeds of people. One of the most common and rather popular varieties of this theory is utilitarianism. It focuses on the fact that the act can be considered moral in case if it contributes to the happiness for a lot of

Global study 300 Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global 300 - Case Study Example obalization, which has led to opening up of economies to global competition, giving room to ideas, goods, capital and people to interact and move freely between countries. Free market, justice to all people, and personal freedom are elements of neoliberalism. It relates to Washington consensus in the sense that it encourages economic policies that aimed to reform and repair the damaged economies of third world countries. He thinks so because via education and government accountability poverty can be eliminated but the movie End of Poverty disagrees because corruption and poor policies to eradicate poverty does not exists. In sum, government is not committed to eliminating poverty. Globalization has destabilized the economies of poor states and uncovered people to harmful competition. Their concern is rational and understandable especially since the gap between the poor and the rich has become more prevalent in recent ages. Poverty can be deliberated in various ways, for instance, relative to a nation’s individual average consumption level or in terms of well being of citizens It is a believe that nations that they have the responsibility to protect its population and resources. It is controversial because states have failed to protect their population which have resulted in murder and massive

Three Rhetorical Strategies and Effects Assignment

Three Rhetorical Strategies and Effects - Assignment Example Cause and effect is a rhetorical strategy that a writer uses to focus on or explain why an event or situation occurs and links this with what might happen. Cause deals with the investigation and analysis of past events while effects deal with the prediction of future events based on past events (Mukalel 80). Writers employ this method when explaining pertinent global issues such as global warming or social issues like the investigation of the reasons for the rise in teenage drug abuse. Comparing and contrasting: Comparisons are used to look for similarities between things while contrasts look for differences. Application of this strategy requires the writer to locate similarities and differences between two or more things. At first glance, only differences may be obvious but upon closer analysis, the writer is likely to find more similarities than earlier anticipated and convey them to the reader. Compare and contrast is mainly used in report writing, giving a speech especially to persuade your audience to hold a particular position, endorsing an individual or party and making an argument. It can be done it two ways; block technique, the writer gives the differences first and then later list the similarities, Point- by- point involves explaining both sides in an alternating manner, for instance, A,B, A,B to the exhaustion of all points. A description is a rhetoric technique that involves describing a place, person or thing. The writer when describing often attempts to paint a mental picture of the person, place or thing to the reader in such a way that the reader can visualize the object in detail. He or she achieves this by indicating how the object looks like, feels smells, sounds, tastes. It requires a proper choice of verbs, clear adjectives, and specific nouns in order to be successful (Mukalel 109).  

Is transformational leadership effective in schools

Is transformational leadership effective in schools The leadership behaviour of school principals is an important aspect of student performance and the general functioning of the school as a whole. The importance of high quality, effective leadership has been shown to be one of the major contributing factors leading to high performance in schools (Reynolds, 1991; Hallinger and Heck, 1999; Sammons et al, 1995). Several research studies have shown Effective leadership not only improves educational outcomes; it also ensures that disciplinary problems among students are addressed effectively. Two major leadership styles that have been predominantly used are transactional and transformational styles of leadership. While the former is predominantly an instructional style of leadership while a transformational approach tends to be more team based. In applying different models of leaders and various approaches to leadership, there has been a general consensus that school leadership differs from organizational leadership, hence a team based ap proach may be more suitable. School leadership essentially needs to combine leadership and management capabilities. Everard and Morris (1990) have laid out five stages of management, wherein setting goals, planning and organizing resources for the achievement of goals and implementing control and corrective procedures are important in achieving the desired objectives. In the context of transformational leadership styles, Bolman and Deal (1997) are of the view that Poorly managed organizations with strong, charismatic leaders may soar temporarily only to crash shortly thereafter. (Bolman and Deal, 1997: xiii-xiv). In the international context, cultural implications may also need to be taken into consideration in determining what kind of leadership style would be relevant. On the basis of the above, the research question examined in this study is whether a transformational leadership style is really effective in schools? Definitions of school leadership: Outstanding leadership has invariably emerged as a key characteristic of outstanding schools (Beare, Caldwell and Millikan, 1989:99). The concept of leadership itself however, is not easy to define. There is no correct definition (Cuban, 1988:190), but some of its constituent elements include the process of influence(Leithwood et al, 1999:6; Ogawa and Bossert, 1995:225-6), mostly a social influence (Yuki, 2002:3) that may be exercised by individuals or by teams (Harris, 2002; Leithwood, 2001). The school as an organization is somewhat different from other organizations. As Mitchell and Tucker (1992) have pointed out, leadership has generally been viewed as the ability to take charge and ensure that the required objectives are met, which presents the quality of leadership as being somewhat aggressive. In the school environment however, such a view of leadership might not be entirely appropriate, because aggressive or instructional leadership would tend to ignore the benefits of teamwork or transformational leadership. With a school environment, leadership would be more about leaders extending invitations to the individuals and groups with whom they interact, in order to build a shared and evolving vision of enhanced educational experiences for pupils. (Stoll and Fink, 1996: 109). Leadership theories and models: Within an educational context, existing leadership practices for school leaders prior to the 1950s were focused upon the lessons to be learnt from the prior experiences of school administrators and their insights into effective practice methods on the basis of their personal experiences. (Heck and Hallinger, 2005). This approach was however inadequate and attention shifted to the need to apply scientific principles based on empiricism rather than on the basis of ideals or personal beliefs and experiences. A transactional leadership style involves leaders who exchange tangible rewards for the work and the loyalty of their followers, thereby adopting a purely practical approach. Transformational leaders on the other hand, are able to motivate and inspire their followers and raise their consciousness about the desired objectives and outcomes, and how they could be achieved (Gellis, 2001; Judge and Piccolo, 2004). A later approach however, suggested that these two styles of leadership were not necessarily mutually exclusive; rather most good leaders appear to demonstrate some traits of both styles of leadership (Judge and Piccolo, 2004:755). A transformational leadership style relies largely upon the personality of the leader and his or her capacity to inspire and motivate followers. As Everard and Morris (1985) have pointed out within the school context however, an important task in an educational institution is the reconciliation of value systems of different people in such a manner that a clear statement of aims and beliefs is derived, to which a majority of the stakeholders can subscribe. (Everard and Morris, 1985:142). This must also be coupled with a clear, educationally focused vision, which articulates a realistic, credible, attractive future for the organization (Deal and Peterson, 1994). While the input, vision and ideals of the principal are important, the school context requires bringing together the ideas and commitments of a variety of people who have a stake in the success of the school. (Tom Sergiovanni, 1987). As Beare, Caldwell and Millikan (1989) have stated, outstanding leaders are those who have a vi sion for their school, but they also share this mental picture with everyone in the school community. The vision of the principal is vital because it serves as a pointer to the direction in which the school should go; however, if this vision is the principals alone and is not shared by the other members of the organization, then staff and students may tend to merely go through the motions rather than actually supporting the vision and being deeply committed to it. As Hopkins has pointed out, effective school leadership must embrace both the distinctive aspects of the school which set it apart, as well as the inclusive context of the school, which fosters unity of purpose. He points out that there are two aspects to leadership the first is the policy that one size fits all while on the other hand, is the claim that because each institution is unique and different, it cannot learn from the experiences of another institution. This principle may be fallacious and school leadership may need to adopt a policy of adapt practices that have been proven to be effective elsewhere and incorporate it within the specific context of their own schools. On this basis, he has suggested policy that school leadership must include both the distinctive and inclusive context of the school. This implies that (a) the context of the school must be embraced in its entirety before any practices proven elsewhere can be incorporated and (b) the particular mix of skills re quired in school leadership will differ from one context to the other. The contingency model of leadership specifically stipulates that in terms of its contextual variables, each school is unique. Although the homogeneity associated with globalisation tend to produce an assumption that a uniform leadership style may successfully be applied to all schools, this perception may not be strictly correct. Rather, as Dimmock and Walker have suggested, policies and practices should not be imported without due consideration of cultural and contextual appropriateness (Dimmock and Walker, 2000:144). Furthermore, Dimmer and Walker (2005) point out that globalization has produced phenomena such as distance education, which has produced an ethnocentric view of educational leadership issues, centred upon issues that are relevant in the US and the UK. But with the globalization of education, indicated that there may be a need to develop a cross cultural, international perspective of educational leadership and management. Another model proposed for educational leadership is the Leadership for Learning model, which is based upon a set of well defined principles that can be used to guide schools, their leaders and school districts in achieving high performance standards and sustaining learning (www.cebe.us) The basic principles associated with this model are as follows: (a) a focus on learning, i.e., learning is personalized and occurs in multiple contexts (b) creates setting to promote learning, i.e., providing multiple opportunities for learning and reflections on its nature (c) shares leadership, i.e., invites participation in leadership (d) promotes explicit conversations about leadership and learning, i.e., strengthening the relationship between the two and (e) incorporates mutual accountability, i.e., involving all stakeholders in making judgments about practice and outcomes. The transformational approach applied in schools: Barnett et al (2001) carried out a study in several state secondary schools in Wales, in which they investigated the relationship that existed between the transactional versus the transformational styles of leadership of the principals, taking into account the school outcomes as well as the school learning culture. The findings in this study suggested that contrary to what was expected, teacher outcomes such as satisfaction, extra effort and the perception of leader effectiveness were not positive where transformational leadership style were concerned. Rather, transformational leadership behaviour on the part of the principal, in terms of his or her vision and inspiration produced a significant negative association, both with teacher outcomes as well as with student learning culture. A transformational leadership style was however found to be quite effective in bringing about changed practices in teachers in a Dutch study which investigated the impact of this leadership style in the context of innovation programs. (Geijsel et al, 1999) This study showed that there were three significant dimensions to a transformational leadership style in school leadership, i.e., vision, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation. These three aspects were analyzed in relation to how they influenced teacher concerns, teachers learning activities and teachers changed practices. The results showed that a transformational leadership style in school principals appeared to be quite effective in fostering innovative practices and bringing about changes in teacher practices. The direct effect of a transformational leadership style of principals on school staff turnover and school performance was examined in a study carried out by Griffin (2004). The data relied upon for deriving the findings in this study were (a) survey data from elementary school students and teachers and (b) student achievement test scores, derived from the student archives. This study did not demonstrate a direct positive or negative impact of transformational leadership on either student achievement scores or on the turnover of school staff. Principal transformational leadership showed a positive indirect impact on the job satisfaction of staff members and student achievement scores, which it had an indirect negative impact on staff turnover in terms of reducing the levels of staff turnover and thereby indicating that staff turnover had actually reduced as a result of the principals leadership style. Since the principals transformational style also produced a smaller gap between the achievements of minority and non minority students, this further contributed to high job satisfaction levels. A new leadership paradigm: The skills of leadership are even more important in a changing world. As Dilts (no date) points out, most of the existing literature on leadership focuses upon the characteristics of good leaders, but such characteristics are too vague and general to be of much use. Examining effective leadership styles within the business context may also be ineffective in a school environment, because the organization is geared towards profit making, while schools are geared towards imparting a strong educational foundation for students that does not merely include academic achievement. According to Dilts, effective leadership covers a variety of skills, including self skills, relational skills, strategic and systemic thinking skills and involves a mastery of various elements such as self, relationship, communication and problem space. On this basis, Dilts states that effective leadership in schools needs to address all of three different levels (a) micro leadership, i.e., issues at the levels of environment, behaviour and capability (b) macro leadership, or issues at the level of beliefs, values and role identity and (c) meta leadership or the levels of spirit and identity. Similarly, Dimmer and Walker (2005) have pointed out the need to incorporate cultural elements into the study of school leadership, especially in the context of globalization. They have put forward five propositions to map the direction of future cross cultural research into educational leadership and management. The essence of these propositions is that there is a need to develop a systematic, robust, comparative branch of educational leadership and management (Dimmer and Walker, 2005:198). The concept of culture must be clearly defined in order to avoid an over-simplified portrayal of societal differences as Western/Asian. Moreover, it could be difficult to successfully apply transformational leadership styles across different cultures, while a transactional approach that is based upon a simple system of incentives and rewards for the production of certain specific educational outcomes that are measured through tests, is much easier to apply. Bush has outlined different kinds of preparatory programs that principals are expected to take up. Daresh and Male (2000) carried out a comparative study of first year principals in Britain and the United States and point out that a significant culture shock is associated with moving into being the head of an institutional institution. Nothing could prepare the respondents.. For the change of perceptions of others or for the intensity of the job. (Daresh and Male, 2000:95). The major differences between leadership programs for principals in different countries is that some of them require a formal qualification for the position, while in others, this qualification is not mandatory and extensive teaching experience is used as the criterion for appointment. Conclusions: The research question that has been posed in this study is whether a transformational educational leadership style is really effective in educational leadership. In order to assess the efficacy of transformational leadership in education, the literature review above has also shown the need to incorporate cultural perspectives and the level of formal training principals receive. This aspect is especially relevant because not all administrators are able to inspire staff and students or fully understand their concerns. An approach to leadership that is derived purely on the basis of past experiences may also not be effective in the present day content. The transactional style of leadership may be effective in terms of applying measurable incentives in achieving the desired outcomes. Theoretically, a transformational approach should be more effective in providing a more successful educational leadership, but as shown above, in actual practice this might not necessarily be the case. The v ision and direction of the transformational approach must necessarily be participative if it is to be truly effective. If the vision for the school is purely the principals, then it is not likely to be successful in securing the commitment of the staff and students and may actually produce negative outcomes, especially when it fails to incorporate the cultural perspective. The Leadership for learning model appears to be the most relevant in the school context and it does incorporate a transformational approach in that it focuses on the context of learning; however most importantly, it also provides for a shared leadership. This indicates that the schools would need to develop a common vision and goals based upon the active participation of the principal, teachers and the students. This is the important aspect of transformational leadership which must be introduced if it is to be successful, i.e., the participative element. It could be successful in bringing about necessary changes in both students and teachers and also achieving the desired grades and educational outcomes, if the processes and procedures which are developed are based upon a common vision and common goals which the principal develops in association and with the active participation of all members of a school community, This would ensure commitment from everyone towards achieving those g oals.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Essays Papers

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Part I, lines 130-202 Of the service itself I need say no more, 1 For well you will know no tittle was wanting. 2 Another noise and a new was well-nigh at hand. 3 That the lord might have leave his life to nourish; 4 For scarce were the sweet strains still in the hall, 5 And the first course come to that company fair, 6 There hurtles in at the hall-door an unknown rider, 7 One the greatest on ground in growth of his frame: 8 From broad neck to buttocks so bulky and thick, 9 And his loins and his legs so long and so great, 10 Half a giant on earth I hold him to be, 11 But believe him no less that the largest of men, 12 And that the seemliest in his stature to see, as he rides, 13 For in the back and in breast though his body was grim, 14 His waist in its width was worthily small, 15 And formed with every feature in fair accord 16 was he. 17 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Essays Papers Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Part I, lines 130-202 Of the service itself I need say no more, 1 For well you will know no tittle was wanting. 2 Another noise and a new was well-nigh at hand. 3 That the lord might have leave his life to nourish; 4 For scarce were the sweet strains still in the hall, 5 And the first course come to that company fair, 6 There hurtles in at the hall-door an unknown rider, 7 One the greatest on ground in growth of his frame: 8 From broad neck to buttocks so bulky and thick, 9 And his loins and his legs so long and so great, 10 Half a giant on earth I hold him to be, 11 But believe him no less that the largest of men, 12 And that the seemliest in his stature to see, as he rides, 13 For in the back and in breast though his body was grim, 14 His waist in its width was worthily small, 15 And formed with every feature in fair accord 16 was he. 17

The Constructive Alignment Theory Education Essay

The constructive alliance theory has been used to underpin the development of course of study in medical instruction for some clip Biggs and Tang 2007. A constructivist instructor designs larning experiences which are active and synergistic and works at the interface between the course of study and the scholar, which creates a new cognition. A A constructivist scholar will make or build their ain cognition and understanding with what they already know. The constructive alliance theory has been shown to fit medical pupils with the needed cognition and accomplishments that is required to pattern medical specialty successfully. There are two wide orientations in instruction ; the content cantered or teacher-centered constructs and pupil or learner-centered construct. A In the learner-centered construct the cognition is constructed by the scholar and the instructors a facilitator of larning than a mere presenter of cognition. The pupil centeredness includes the thought that the scholar h as a pick what to analyze, when to analyze and how to analyze. Here the scholar is placed at the centre of the full acquisition procedure there is increased duty and answerability on the portion of the scholar. An emerging tendency in all the medical schools in Australia is to hold an integrated medical course of study where there is an increased accent on autonomous or scholar centered acquisition, and active engagement of the acquisition procedure. JCU integrated medical course of study follows the guidelines for effectual university learning which says â€Å" effectual university instructors provide pupils with chances to be involved in the structuring of their ain acquisition experiences, and promote them to take control of their ain acquisition † and â€Å" effectual university instructors select from a scope of learning attacks and media those which will assist pupils run into topics and their ain purposes efficaciously † . Today ‘s medical pupils represent a wide spectrum in footings of age, experience, civilization, ethnicity and degree of readiness every bit good as acquisition manners and preferences.so there is a immense challenge for teachers to run into the educational demands of all pupils. When direction is adopted to scholars larning manners at that place will be increased student motive and public presentation. Because there are pupils with different educational backgrounds and different acquisition manners, it is the duty of the teacher to turn to this diverseness of larning manners among pupils and develop appropriate learning learning activities. The challenge of supplying quality larning experience for the pupils has prompted many pedagogues to look towards larning engineerings. Increased involvement in flexible acquisition chances in third instruction has risen in recent old ages in response to increased pupil diverseness and the outgrowth of new engineerings. Technologies allow pedagogues to personalise and humanise acquisition by including rich media constituents in classs that endeavor to prosecute pupils in active, meaningful acquisition ( Lee, Tan & A ; Goh 2004 ) . Australia has a strong tradition of distance instruction and a displacement towards online larning in Universities in the recent old ages has been seen as a natural extension of the more traditional signifier of distance instruction ( Bell et al, 2002 ) . In today ‘s acquisition environments, the effectual usage of instructional engineerings provide the scholar with flexible, immediate and on demand entree to class content. Flexible acquisition has em erged late to depict the altering stage of distance instruction, brought about by the turning acceptance of different larning engineerings to back up progressively diverse pupil population.Flexible acquisitionFlexible acquisition is a scope of larning attacks in footings of clip, gait, topographic point, content and manner, which are applied in changing grades. Flexible acquisition incorporates computing machine engineering into larning helping pupils in developing the cognitive processes needed for the usage of information engineering efficaciously. A scaffold of larning activities is created in flexible acquisition. The most of import purpose of flexible acquisition is to supply greater control to the scholar in the acquisition procedure and to supply chances and options through a assortment of learning -learning manners. The scholar will hold greater pick, liberty and control in flexible acquisition ( Geroge and Luke 1995 ) . This type of larning provides the scholar with picks a bout where, when and how learning takes topographic point ( Shurville et al. , 2008 ) . Pedagogical attack in flexible acquisition is sound and here the instructor becomes the facilitator in the acquisition procedure and the scholar gets greater control in the acquisition procedure. This teaching method is a going from the traditional teacher-centered methods of instruction, prefering the facilitation of the collaborative building of cognition and accomplishments. It increases the efficiencies in the bringing of instruction and caters to different groups of scholar. Present twenty-four hours net coevals scholar is multitasking nature and they demand for greater flexibleness related in the manner of survey, topographic point and gait. Flexible larning caters for these diverse groups of pupil organic structure ( Casey and Wilson, 2005 ) . The exponential growing of computing machine power and rapid enlargement of the broadband velocities in recent old ages has changed the outlook of these net coevals pupils and the acquisition chances offered to these scholars. In order to run into this turning demand, Universities are turning to flexible acquisition and e-learning as a convenient manner to supply flexible entree to acquisition ( Buleen and Janes 2007 ) . James cook Universities committedness to the development of flexible acquisition is embedded in the instruction learning appraisal policy, that is dedicated in supplying pupils from different backgrounds with the top quality larning environment and heighten pupil ‘s learning experience. One of the Core rules of the JCU learning larning assessment policy addresses this diverseness of pupils and their different acquisition manners. â€Å" Course design will endeavour to react to the rich diverseness of pupil backgrounds and tracts, including Aboriginal, Torres S trait Islander, international, inter cultural, low socioeconomic backgrounds, rural or remote, first household member go toing a university, return to analyze and people with handiness issues † . â€Å" In all topics a assortment of resources, learning methods and attacks to larn will be considered and adopted, in acknowledgment of the diverseness of the pupil organic structure † .A Overall objective here is to give pupils many picks in larning and control over the timing, construction and sequencing of their acquisition. One of the cardinal trademarks of flexibleness in acquisition is the acknowledgment of the differences ; differences in what the pupils want to larn and when he/she wants to larn. It besides allows for functioning pupils with particular demands and suiting the progressively varied cultural dimension in larning. Educators recognize that the scholars have single demands and require varying grades of flexibleness to run into their demands. Learner centered direction is the nucleus rule underlying this flexible acquisition. Here the accent is on the pick of the scholar. Facilitation of acquisition is another nucleus rule of flexible acquisition where the teacher takes more of a facilitator function in the procedure of larning than a commanding or information transporter function. Facilitators provide chances for showing content in a new and advanced function utilizing a combination of media and bringing manners. Here the content is drawn from a assortment of beginnings including picture, web sites, multimedia, artworks, sounds, lifes etc. Today ‘s medical pedagogues are confronting challenges than their predecessors in learning tomorrows physicians. Changing in wellness attention bringing and progresss in medical instruction and clinical medical specialty have increased demands on the medical module, ensuing in reduced clip for learning. Flexible acquisition can be used in undergraduate medical instruction to better the efficiency and effectivity of educational intercessions in the face of scientific and pedagogical challenges. Use of flexible acquisition is extremely variable in medical schools and it is more common in basic scientific discipline classs than in clinical scientific disciplines. Flexible acquisition has a characteristic that presupposes a great accent on self-teaching in undergraduate medical instruction. Students are encouraged to analyze and research independently. Collaborative acquisition and information exchange is intensified as to consolidate larning through group activities. The practical group activities can be performed in synchronal or asynchronous meeting in pupil place groups that permits collaborative and deep acquisition.Capable DesignYear 2 Medical plan has 190 pupils of which more than 50 % of the pupils are between 21 to 25 old ages and the group besides has approximately 35 % of pupils who are above 30 old ages. Students fall ining six twelvemonth undergraduate medical plan at JCU are school departers, alumnuss ( with a grade non related to the medical class ) or graduates with grades in biological and wellness scientific disciplines. But there are pupils in this group who are non from the biological background and had the trouble in settling into the Medical course of study in their early months in the Medical School. The biggest challenge faced by the School of Medicine at JCU is to suit the scholars who have come from different backgrounds. Bing a rural medical school this challenge is heightened at JCU due to miss of resources and isolation. Because t he pupil group has scholars from different backgrounds, the course of study or the single faculty must be more originative and flexible to run into the demands of single scholars. Larger category ( 190 pupils ) means more about talk centered – acquisition and minimum pupil battle and this will make a barrier to entree acquisition. The category size plants against the rational development, larning and success in a medical school. Year 2 medical plan has two pathophysiology classs – Integrated system pathophysiology 1 and 2. Different organic structure system faculties are taught with accent on Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology in these classs which is spread across two survey periods ( SP1 and 2 ) . Hematology and Renal Medicine is the faculty under Integrated System Pathophysiology 1 during survey period 1, which runs for 13 hebdomads. This faculty has two subdivisions – haematology and Renal Medicine. During the last 5 hebdomads of HRM faculty pupils learn about Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiology and Pathophysiology subjects in this faculty are complex and in the old feedback pupils have raised few concerns about the talk subjects in the faculty and about deficiency of clip and chances available for the survey of complex physiology subjects in this faculty. Feedback suggested that face to face and synthesising Sessionss in the faculty were unequal to gestate the dynamic procedures and complex physiology mechanisms in the nephritic physiology subject. Besides when complex subjects were presented in schoolroom talks, pupils either retained a simplistic position of the subject or were confused when introduced to a new subject based on an apprehension of consecutive procedures. Hence, I have planned to present flexible acquisition faculty, which supports face-to-face bringing, to specifically turn to the jobs identified by the pupils in the Renal Medicine Course. Face-to-face acquisition for this faculty is in the signifier of one hr talk at the beginning of the hebdomad and another hr of synthesising session on Fridays. There is a three hr guided larning session in the signifier of active acquisition that supports these face-to-face bringings during the hebdomad. The contents of the nephritic medical specialty faculties are carefully chosen to develop flexible acquisition activities spread across a 4 hebdomad period. Table 1: Different sections chosen to present in the flexible acquisition faculty for this class Teaching Sections Week Subjects 1 9 Histology of kidneys and the urinary system 2 9 Physiology of nephritic system 3 10 Role of kidneys in H2O balance 4 11 Role of kidneys in blood force per unit area ordinance 5 12 Control of urinary vesica and urination 6 13 Diuretic drugs and their mechanisms of action Every section has different learning acquisition activities which are developed utilizing Blackboard, the unfastened beginning class direction system. Different learning acquisition activities for these flexible acquisition faculties are Podcasting and Camtasia recordings ; face-to-face talk will be recorded utilizing Camtasia/Doceri and will be uploaded online. Lecture podcasting is besides uploaded in MP3 format A 20 proceedingss i-lecture which will cover the subjects ( as per the sections mentioned above ) is recorded and uploaded Home group wiki treatment board for mini instance treatment related to the hebdomadal subject. Open treatment board for treatment about the inquiries asked in the workbook in the GLS Sessionss, utilizing blackboard treatment tools YouTube picture links – Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology pictures E-book chapters, text edition pages, and reappraisal articles related to the subjects are uploaded to the learning resources booklet Home groups [ 20 pupils in a group ] have the chance for 30 proceedingss blackboard collaborate confabs session with the lector Linkss to the specific subject pages of Medical Revision Community and Pod trefoils Online quizzes at the terminal of the hebdomad – which will hold MCQ ‘s and cardinal characteristic paper inquiries. Online brooding diaries will be used for feedback on a hebdomadal footing for this faculty. Contexts and Settings for Flexible Learning: Our scholars: Undergraduate, grownup, domestic and international pupils The sort of acquisition we are seeking to accomplish: Knowledge, accomplishments and attitudes Delivery of the content: On-line talks and instance treatments. The other acquisition activities that can be organized to run into the larning results: Question-answer Sessionss, pictures, online quizzes Available Resources: press releases, worksheets, workbooks, ocular, power points, pictures Table 2: Summary of the Comprehensive Teaching Schemes used for Flexible Learning in this faculty Learning Results Teaching Scheme Learner Activity Cognition Transmit/Inform Reading Podcast Camtasia I-lecture Videos Associating to theory Autonomous acquisition Cognition Engage Video Mini Case Discussion Discussion Board Quiz Knowledge reading Supplying multiple positions Skills Practice Case Discussion Discussion board Blackboard Collaborate Clarifying cognition Interpretation accomplishments Skills Application Collaborate treatment Case Discussion Cardinal Feature Paper inquiries ( instance based ) Synthesizing cognition Deep acquisition Apply basic scientific disciplines to clinical medical specialty Researching acquisition As with face to face instruction, these online, blended categories is constructively aligned to accomplish upper limit larning benefits and results. All facets of the flexible bringing, from purposes, larning results, talks and other activities are all and straight related to each other, and back up a progressive system of larning throughout the 5 hebdomads continuance of the class.JustificationYear 2 haematology and nephritic medical specialty class are presently utilizing face-to-face instruction which treats all pupils as indistinguishable scholars. This ignores the fact that pupils have different degrees of acquisition manners, motive, attending span and ability to larn [ ref 5 ] . Traditional big talk presentations [ first twenty-four hours debut session and synthesising session in this faculty ] have jobs prosecuting the pupils and in run intoing their single acquisition manners. With flexible teaching-learning activities in this faculty, the acquisition and instruction can hap pen at times that are more convenient and productive for pupils. Students can work at their ain gait within a given model. Online larning provides options to entree and portion information more readily and this besides provides greater deepness of resources and information. Open treatment and mini instance treatment Sessionss in this faculty offer opportunities to interact and larn in ways that the traditional instruction in the faculty ca n't offer. Therefore, there is a displacement of focal point in the faculty from a teacher-centered theoretical account to learner centered theoretical account offering stronger learning motive and interactivity. The faculty is designed to value the diverseness of experience and pattern taking into the consideration of the Internationalization of University course of study and this flexible instruction will ever back up both local and international pupils ‘ who have come from different educational backgrounds and have diverse learning manner s. Learning direction system, societal package application like Wiki, treatment forum and web based talk engineerings are the different acquisition engineerings used in this flexible acquisition faculty that will supply communicating and coaction chances. The university instruction and acquisition policy emphasizes that the instructor should seek to heighten pupil battle in acquisition by linking assorted constituents in a topic. The nucleus acquisition rule besides underlines the demand of invention in learning and acquisition and the usage of larning engineerings to reenforce and heighten the pupil larning experience. The different acquisition engineerings will give the pupils flexibleness to take when and where to entree talks and other learning resources. Students with weaker acquisition accomplishments will acquire more clip and options for interaction and to speed up their acquisition independently. Medical instruction is a dynamic entity that is germinating rapidly and taking adv antage of the flexible, web based learning methods allow more face-to-face instruction clip to be used for learning other complex subjects during this basic scientific discipline faculty. The talk podcasting, Camtasia/Doceri and i-lecture formats offer pupils the increased flexibleness of being able to entree the acquisition stuffs every bit frequently as required, 24 hour. a twenty-four hours, 7 yearss a hebdomad. This on-line talk will be really effectual for this faculty as there are a big figure of pupils in category ( more than 180 pupils ) . These on-line talks engage the pupils more efficaciously than the face-to-face talks and pupils can mention to this talk several times over the class of the faculty. During the on-line treatment forums ( mini instance treatments and unfastened treatments in this faculty ) , pupils are given basic information about the new constructs and are encouraged to work together on clinical jobs and inquiries which helps them to understand cardinal physiology and pathophysiological constructs for themselves. Students in the traditional face-to-face acquisition do non possess the cardinal critical analytical accomplishments hence they a re happening it hard to understand the key basic physiological constructs. Flexible acquisition enables pupils to widen their acquisition experience beyond the boundary lines of a schoolroom and a assortment of web resources and web links to medical podcast, podmedics and medical alteration community pages in this faculty to better pupil ‘s acquisition capablenesss and besides their critical thought accomplishments. Nephritic Medicine faculty in twelvemonth 2 includes complex subjects in Physiology ( nephritic ordinance of electrolyte balance, H2O balance, blood force per unit area ordinance etc. ) . Some of the facets of physiology that make it hard include the big volume of information typically covered and its integrative nature. Most common ailments from pupils in their feedback is that there is excessively much to analyze and retrieve and excessively many didactic Sessionss on basic physiology. The planned flexible acquisition Sessionss address these facets and present active acquisition tools to form construction and represent information and cognition in a more meaningful format. During the flexible acquisition, pupils are able to take a content bringing method that matched their learning manner to understand the complex subjects in physiology. Students can work through the different sections in the faculty at their ain velocity and develop a more meaningful apprehension of the subjects. Therefore the overall aim of this flexible acquisition faculty is to give the scholar more pick and control over the timing, sequence and the construction of larning activities, and to cut down the barrier to entree acquisition. This on-line faculty is likely to heighten pupils ‘ motive in larning Renal Medicine physiology. The interactivities and communicating tools will actuate the pupils and assist them increase perceptual experience and keeping of this subject. Present twenty-four hours net-generation medical pupils want larning ‘options ‘ , ‘choices ‘ and ‘personalization ‘ . By supplying scholars with the freedom of pick, this flexible acquisition can put the phase for pupil success in this class.